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Met Éireann has issued multiple weather warnings for New Year’s Eve, with Ireland set for a wet and windy start to the new year. The national forecaster issued both a rain and wind warning ahead of New Year’s Eve , with strong gale force winds, and heavy rain in store for Donegal, Galway, and Mayo. The first warning, a Status Yellow - Wind warning for Donegal , Galway , and Mayo , will come into effect at midnight on Tuesday until 11am on Tuesday morning. These counties can expect strong to gale force and gusty southwest winds during this period. READ MORE: 15 Budget money changes coming in January - social welfare increases, tax cuts and more READ MORE: Dublin Bus 'actively investigating' footage appearing to show child being struck by man in hi-vis vest Some possible impacts include: fallen branches/trees, debris, loose objects displaced, difficult travelling conditions, wave overtopping due to onshore winds and high seas, particularly during high tide times. The national forecaster also issued a Status Yellow - Rain alert for Donegal, warning of spells of rain, heavy at times from 11am on Monday until 11am on Tuesday. Possible impacts include: localised flooding, difficult travelling conditions, poor visibility. Meanwhile, the UK Met Office has issued a Yellow - Wind Warning for Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Tyrone, and Derry. The weather forecaster warned that strong westerly winds may lead to some travel disruption on New Year's Eve. Overall Met Éireann said it would be rather windy for much of New Year’s Eve. Widespread rain at first, becoming confined mainly to Munster and south Leinster through the morning with hazy sunny spells and isolated showers developing over the northern half of the country. Cloud along with outbreaks of rain will then build from the southwest through the afternoon and evening. Highest temperatures of 8C to 12C in fresh to strong and gusty southwest winds, stronger near western and northwestern coasts, before easing during the evening. On New Year's Eve night it will turn wet and windy overnight as rain continues to extend northeastwards, heavy in places, particularly in the north and west with spot flooding possible. Lowest temperatures of 0C to 3C over the northern half of the country, 5C to 9C further south. Fresh to strong and gusty cyclonic variable winds will develop by morning as an area of low pressure approaches from the west. Join the Irish Mirror’s breaking news service on WhatsApp. Click this link to receive breaking news and the latest headlines direct to your phone. We also treat our community members to special offers, promotions, and adverts from us and our partners. If you don’t like our community, you can check out any time you like. If you’re curious, you can read our Privacy Notice .
Deep-sea coral reefs are at risk from acidification Howard Chew / Alamy Stock Photo Ocean acidification is sinking into marine regions as deep as 1500 metres, posing new threats to organisms like sea butterflies, sea snails and cold-water corals. The ocean is the largest natural sink of carbon dioxide, absorbing about a quarter of our annual emissions. That uptake of CO2 makes the ocean’s surface more acidic , with consequences for sensitive ecosystems like coral reefs . But until now, researchers did not know the extent to which acidification was reaching deeper waters. Jens Daniel Müller at ETH Zürich in Switzerland and his colleagues developed a 3D reconstruction of how CO2 moves through the ocean, based on global measurements of currents and other circulation patterns. They used this model to estimate how the carbon dioxide the oceans have absorbed since 1800, around the start of the Industrial Revolution, have affected deep-water acidity. They found a clear acidification signal down to 1000 metres in most of the ocean. Some areas, such as the North Atlantic – where the powerful Atlantic Meridional Overturning Current (AMOC) carries carbon from the surface to deeper waters – saw acidification down to 1500 metres. Some pockets of deeper water that are naturally more acidic saw even more acidification than the surface. Their higher original acidity reduces their capacity to absorb any added CO2, says Müller. This is more or less what researchers expected would happen as the ocean takes up more CO2, says Hongjie Wang at the University of Rhode Island. “But it’s a different thing to really see the data coming in to affirm this.” Notably, more than half of all the acidification since 1800 occurred after 1994, as our emissions of CO2 have risen exponentially. “We see this rather rapid progression,” says Müller. The magnitude of the acidification is enough to threaten the survival of organisms in large areas of the ocean. Pteropods like sea snails and sea butterflies are at particular risk because they build their shells out of calcium, which dissolves if the water gets too acidic. The rise in acidification has also doubled the areas where cold water corals will have trouble surviving. And ocean acidification is set to continue as the water absorbs more CO2. “Even if we were able to stop CO2 emissions immediately, we would still – for a couple of hundred of years or so – see a process of ocean acidification in the interior,” says Müller.California 74, Arizona 62
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NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — What began as a childhood hobby more than six decades ago has led to what might be Africa's largest butterfly collection in a suburb of Kenya's capital. Steve Collins, 74, was born and raised in western Kenya. By the age of 5, he was fascinated by butterflies and started building a collection that has grown to more than 4.2 million, representing hundreds of species. “My parents encouraged us to look for butterflies after visiting the Congo and were gifted a trapping net by some friends," Collins said. “By the time I was 15 years old, I was already visiting other countries like Nigeria to study more about butterflies.” During his 20-year career as an agronomist, Collins dedicated his free time to research. He established the African Butterfly Research Institute in 1997. Now, running out of space and time, he hopes to hand it over to the next generation. On his 1.5 acres (0.6 hectare) of land, hundreds of indigenous trees and flowering bushes form a well-knit forest. Hundreds of butterflies dance from one flower to another, at times landing on Collins' hand. His collection is private, although it was initially open to the public when he ran it as an education center between 1998 and 2003. Collins has 1.2 million butterflies from across Africa delicately pinned in frames and stored in rows of shelves, with another 3 million in envelopes. “They need to be kept in dark spaces," he said. “The form of storage also ensures the dried butterflies are not eaten by other insects, parasites and predators. We also ensure we apply insecticides once a year to keep them safe.” Julian Bayliss, an ecologist specializing in Africa and a visiting professor at Oxford Brookes University, said he has collected butterflies for Collins over two decades. “There is a large part of that collection that is completely irreplaceable because a large part of Africa’s habitat is being destroyed,” Bayliss said. Africa is vulnerable to climate change, with periods of prolonged drought and serious flooding destroying forests and other butterfly habitats. Bayliss suggested digitizing the collection to make it accessible worldwide. Whoever takes it over "needs to be an institution that is well-founded, well-funded and secure,” he said. Scott Miller, an entomologist at the Smithsonian Institution, met Collins almost 30 years ago. He said such collections provide critical information that could show environmental changes over 60 years. “These physical specimens, you can actually keep going back to them to get new layers of information as you learn more or you get a different technology or you get different questions," he said. Collins is concerned that soon he will no longer be able to sustain his research. He said his most prized butterfly costs $8,000 — which he keeps from sight, concerned about possible theft — and hopes to sell the collection to an individual or research institution. The costs of running his institute are high. An annual budget posted in 2009 on the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa website was $200,000. Collins estimates that the specimens and other assets are worth $8 million. “This has been my hobby for decades, and I can’t put a price on what I have done so far. I’m currently seeking to ensure the species are in safe hands when I’m out of this world,” he said. ___ Associated Press journalist Khaled Kazziha in Nairobi, Kenya, contributed to this report. Magdalene Mwaniki, The Associated Press
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