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Recent advances in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) help illustrate that technology has come to dominate over the past two decades, with tech issues leading the list of the world's most valuable companies. That wasn't always the case. Just 20 years ago, General Electric and ExxonMobile were the leaders in terms of market cap , valued at $319 billion and $283 billion, respectively. These days, technology rules the roost. Apple , Nvidia , and Microsoft are each worth more than $3 trillion and led the leaderboard at some point in 2024. Other big tech members of the $1 trillion club are also household names, including Amazon , Alphabet , and Meta Platforms , with valuations of between $1.5 trillion and $2.3 trillion. With a market cap of roughly $797 billion (as of this writing), Broadcom ( AVGO 5.32% ) seems a shoo-in for membership in this exclusive fraternity. The company supplies a broad cross-section of products that are critical components in data center infrastructure, where most AI processing takes place, and its indispensable technology could be the fuel that drives Broadcom's successful quest for membership. Chip shot As well as being one of the world's foremost custom chipmakers, Broadcom also offers a host of complementary products and services in the mobile, cable, broadband, and data center segments. The company states that "99% of all internet traffic crosses through some type of Broadcom technology." This extensive reach illustrates why Broadcom's technology is a critical part of the generative AI ecosystem, as the technology lives primarily in the cloud and in data centers. Beyond AI, investors continue to underestimate the opportunity represented by Broadcom's purchase of VMWare late last year. During the recent earnings call, management noted that "VMWare bookings continue to accelerate," amounting to $2.5 billion in Q3, up 32% sequentially. Furthermore, the company continues to drive down VMWare spending. CEO Hock Tan noted that with the VMWare integration proceeding as expected, Broadcom was on track to deliver on its goal of $8.5 billion in adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) by 2025. Once the process is complete, the company expects to deliver expanding margins and increasing profits. The results highlight an intriguing opportunity. For its fiscal third quarter (ended Aug. 4), Broadcom delivered revenue of $13.1 billion, which jumped 47% year over year, while its adjusted earnings per share (EPS) increased 18% to $1.24. Management expects this upward trajectory to continue, increasing its full-year revenue forecast to $51.5 billion, representing growth of 44%. This adds to Broadcom's long history of strong business and financial performance, which has fueled its surging stock price. This, in turn, led the company to declare a 10-for-1 stock split earlier this year, which it completed in July. The path to $1 trillion Broadcom's chips and ancillary products -- critical components in data center operations -- give the company an important role in supplying the AI ecosystem. Broadcom is in an enviable position, which will be a key driver in the next stage of its growth. Wall Street expects Broadcom to generate revenue of $51.7 billion in 2024, giving it a forward price-to-sales (P/S) ratio of roughly 15. If the stock's P/S remains constant, Broadcom will need to generate sales of roughly $65 billion annually to support a $1 trillion market cap. Analysts' consensus estimates are guiding for revenue growth of 44% in 2024 and 17% in 2025. If the company hits those targets, it will likely achieve a $1 trillion market cap as soon as mid-2026. That said, I believe Wall Street's growth estimates are conservative, as Broadcom has exceeded analysts' expectations in each of the past three quarters. Therefore, it isn't unreasonable to expect more of the same over the coming year. Accelerating AI spending and the growing adoption of VMWare should give Broadcom multiple paths for robust growth next year, which is why I believe 2025 is a more likely timeframe for the company to join the trillionaire club. Observations by management seem to support that, as Broadcom is experiencing "strong demand from hyperscalers for both AI networking and custom AI accelerators." Furthermore, commentary from the world's largest cloud infrastructure providers suggests demand won't be slowing for the foreseeable future. Estimates for the size of the AI market continue to climb, but even the more conservative estimates are compelling. According to Bloomberg Intelligence, generative AI is expected to be a $1.3 trillion market by 2032. McKinsey & Company places the economic impact at between $2.6 trillion and $4.4 trillion annually. While no one knows for sure just how big the AI opportunity will ultimately be, most experts agree it will be much higher than it is today. Despite Broadcom's impressive gains, it remains attractively priced, currently selling for just 27 times forward earnings, compared to a multiple of 30 for the S&P 500 . That's not a bad price for a stock that's delivered total returns (including dividends) of 14,500% since 2009, especially when compared to a gain of just 633% for the broader market. That's why Broadcom stock is a buy .

Former prime minister Gordon Brown has declared his opposition to legalising assisted dying, which will soon be debated by MPs. The former Labour PM said the death of his newborn daughter in 2002 did "not convince me of the case for assisted dying; it convinced me of the value and imperative of good end-of-life care". In a rare intervention ahead of the Commons debate on the Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill on Friday, November 29, Mr Brown shared a glimpse of the time he and his wife Sarah spent with their baby, Jennifer, who died when she was only 11 days old. Writing in the Guardian newspaper, Mr Brown said: "We could only sit with her, hold her tiny hand and be there for her as life ebbed away. She died in our arms." "But those days we spent with her remain among the most precious days of my and Sarah's lives." While he acknowledged that at the heart of the assisted dying debate is a "desire to prevent suffering", the former Labour MP called for a commission on end-of-life care to be set up, instead of the law change which MPs will consider. This commission, he said, should work to create a "fully-funded, 10-year strategy for improved and comprehensive palliative care". "When only a small fraction of the population are expected to choose assisted dying, would it not be better to focus all our energies on improving all-round hospice care to reach everyone in need of end of life support?" he said. Mr Brown added: "Medical advances that can transform end-of-life care and the horror of people dying alone, as with Covid, have taught us a great deal." "This generation have it in our power to ensure no-one should have to face death alone, uncared for, or subject to avoidable pain." Kim Leadbeater, the Labour MP sponsoring the assisted dying Bill through the Commons, said she was "deeply touched" by Mr Brown's decision to share his story. The Spen Valley MP said she agreed completely with his calls for better end-of-life care. But Ms Leadbeater added: "He and I agree on very many things but we don't agree on this." "Only legislation by Parliament can put right what Sir Keir Starmer calls the 'injustice that we have trapped within our current arrangement'." "The need to address the inability of the current law to provide people with safeguards against coercion and the choice of a better death, and to protect their loved ones from possible prosecution, cannot wait." "So for me it isn't a case of one or the other. My Bill already includes the need for the Government to report back to Parliament on the availability and quality of palliative care, and I strongly support further detailed examination of its provision. We need to do both." Though Ms Leadbeater made reference to the Prime Minister as she set out her difference from Mr Brown's position, Sir Keir has opted not to say whether he will support the Bill. MPs will be given a free vote on the legislation, meaning their political parties will not require them to vote for or against it, and it will be a matter for their personal consideration. Home Secretary Yvette Cooper is the latest senior minister to disclose her position on assisted dying, signalling to broadcasters on Friday that she may support the Bill. "I continue to support the principle of needing change but also to ensure that we've got the proper safeguards and systems in place," she told ITV's Good Morning Britain. Asked if that meant a "yes" when the Bill comes to the Commons, she replied: "I think I last voted on this about 20 years ago and so I have supported the principle in the past and continue to believe that change is needed but we do need to have that debate on the detail and I'll continue to follow that debate next Friday."Chamo spoke on Friday night at the sideline of the 14th anniversary and award ceremonies of the Nigerian NewsDirect in Lagos. The commissioner was part of the top government functionaries dispatched to receive the newspaper’s Governor of the Year Award in Agro-Investments and Security for Namadi. “Governor Namadi spent over N20,000,000,000 was invested in education in Jigawa state under the present administration, ” the commissioner said. According to him, the governor has recorded giant push for higher education in the state by employing over 3000 teachers and building school infrastructure to provide quality learning environment. He said that the number of teachers in the state was raised from 2, 566 in May 2023, to 5,986. Chamo said that the administration had procured and distributed over 10,000 3-seater desks for students while 5,000 staff furniture were provided at various schools. The commissioner added that 3,500 double beds were procured and distributed to boarding schools with 3,840 mattresses to go with. He said that 564 tabs were distributed to senior secondary school principals to enhance digital learning skills amongst teachers while 300 routers were procured and distributed. Chamo said the Namadi’s administration had ensured the provision of internet connectivity across the 293 senior secondary schools in the state to ensure access to wide range of educational and information resources. He said that over N200 million has been used to develop a digital teaching and learning platform tagged J-Compete programme, which he said, has helped both teachers and student with numerous resources in the learning environment. The commissioner said that Namadi’s administration had improved school feeding by 200 per cent from N180 per student to N450 per student. He said that this had made expenditure for school feeding programme to rise from N1.1billion to N3.4 billion annually. According to him, the government had carried out various capacity training programmes for teachers, school principals and directors to enhance their capacity. He said that the administration had carried out several interventions including Female Teacher Development Scheme, Girls for Health Program, free schools uniforms for girls, registration fees for law students among others He said that Namadi administration constructed new classrooms, laboratories, administrative blocks, hostels, library, kitchen, laundry, sport field and toilet on all senior secondary schools including science and technical schools. “School structures were renovated at the cost of N2,268,211,583 with the procurement of teaching, learning, instructional materials and sports material amounting to N5,791,510,414. “Payment of internal and external Examination at the sum N1,001,614,221 while schools feeding consumed the sum of N2,127,060,850. “The administration spent the sum of N4,776,688,726 on foreign scholarship while internal scholarship consumed N1,904,592,925, with the total amount standing at N6,681,281,651,” he said. Similarly, Dr Hauwa Alhassan,Technical Adviser to Gov.Umar Namadi on Basic Education said that the administration had taken basic education to top of the charts. Alhassan said that with implementation and success of the J-Teach Programme, the governor had addressed shortage of teachers in rural and underserved areas, “with notable improvements in teaching quality and student engagement”. She said that the state had improved collaboration with NGOs and strong partnerships with organisations like PLAN and PLANE for educational development and empowerment of educators. “The administration has enhanced inclusion of children with disabilities, introduced specialised programmes and infrastructure, to ensure access to quality education for children with disabilities,” she said. Alhassan said that the governor had invested in Nomadic Schools, “which expanded educational opportunities for nomadic communities, ensuring access to education irrespective of their mobility”. The adviser said that under Namadi’s administration, strategic interventions were made to revert the schools used as IDP camps back into functional educational institutions. She said that the governor had put special focus on Early Childhood Education, foundational literacy and numeracy programmes. Meanwhile, Namadi, who was represented by Malam Bala Ibrahim, the Secretary to the State Government to receive the award, said he was pleased with the recognition and happy his contributions to the development of his state and the people were being acknowledged. The governor, who dispatched top government functionaries, including two commissioners and three technical advisers to receive the award, said that he was highly elated with the recognition of his investments in agriculture, security, education and health for the benefit of the people. Namadi said that the award would serve as an inspiration to do more and work for the betterment of the people.The warnings are increasing. Infectious disease researchers, virologists, veterinarians, and occupational health specialists around the world are sounding alarms. The stories of wild birds, mammals, poultry, cattle, and other farm animals with "bird flu" (H5N1) keep coming. The real infection numbers are greater than official reports, but no one knows by how much. Meanwhile, decision-makers and other authorities seem intent on repeating the same mistakes made with COVID-19 and SARS. Now, it has spread to people. Stories of dairy and poultry workers in the U.S., with largely "mild" infections so far, seemed distant — until news broke about a case in Canada. In early November, a B.C. teen made international news fighting for their life with a mutated version of the virus. They're still in intensive care, unable to contribute information about a possible source of their infection. At her Nov. 26 update , B.C.'s public health officer (PHO) Dr. Bonnie Henry tried to reassure the public with news that an “extensive public health investigation” revealed no known source. The only possibility found before closing the investigation was two dead geese infected with a virus version that may be related to the sick teen’s. While not having to deal with a specific source might make life easier for public health leaders, it’s not at all clear how that’s good news for the rest of us. It’s a lot harder to protect yourself when you don’t know where the infections are coming from. Why worry? In B.C., the perfect storm is brewing. The wild bird migratory season is happening along the Pacific flyway. With them — like the geese that may be behind the teen's infection — comes H5N1. In the Fraser Valley, so far, 64 operations have had poultry flocks infected with H5N1 since October, and scientists have found an “unprecedented amount of environmental contamination” of area wetlands with avian flu — where it may survive for months . Worse, the mutations found in the virus that infected the teenager show it’s adapting to humans and is more likely to affect the lungs - possibly explaining why the teen became so sick. This all is happening in the midst of respiratory viral season — on top of COVID-19 that just won’t go away, no matter how determined we are to ignore it. Sluggish and opaque responses to H5N1 outbreaks in the US are provoking international concern. The highly-respected American virologist David O’Connor says, “It seems that the United States is addicted to gambling with H5N1. But if you gamble long enough, the virus may hit a jackpot.” "A jackpot for the virus would fuel a pandemic", Tulio de Oliveira, South Africa’s director of the Center for Epidemic Response and Innovation, wrote in the New York Times , despairing at the lack of timely and complete sharing of information about the virus' evolution. His warning provides a frustrating echo of the un-learned lessons of the COVID-19 pandemic raised by the 2022 international Lancet Commission . Amongst other lessons, it highlighted "the lack of timely, accurate, and systematic data on infections, deaths, viral variants, health system responses, and indirect health consequences". Canadian authorities seem to be making the same gamble, unwilling to learn from their own past mistakes, or the collective wisdom of everyone from occupational health and safety experts to scientists, engineers, historians, and front-line healthcare workers. Based on initial symptoms alone, H5N1 can’t be distinguished from more familiar influenza strains, COVID-19 or the common cold. In the case of the infected BC teen, even asking about their poultry farm exposure would not have raised any alarms at their first ER visit. BC got lucky, and no H5N1 transmission occurred. The question is what happens next time? Researchers using ferrets to study an H5N1 strain isolated from a dairy farm worker found it could be transmitted via the air , as well as by direct contact and on contaminated cages and bedding material. Like the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19, the seasonal flu virus and many other disease-causing microbes , H5N1 can travel in tiny aerosol particles. They float in the air like smoke for hours, travelling significant distances, riding on air currents, and sneaking through the gaps around medical masks. Through the simple act of breathing, those infected with H5N1 risk unknowingly exposing everyone in that B.C. ER waiting room, and possibly dozens of healthcare workers. Even if we didn’t have the evidence of those ferret studies, the need for a precautionary approach is clear — especially when we have non-invasive, cost-effective tools like air cleaners and N95 respirators that dramatically reduce risk of spread. Public health leaders gambled against airborne transmission in COVID, and in SARS before that - and lost both times. We cannot afford to get this wrong yet again. Beyond the harm done to individuals, every new human infection produces billions of copies of the virus. With a high mutation rate, this allows nature’s evolutionary engine to roll the dice over and over — each one giving the virus another chance to hit the pandemic jackpot. For us, the only way to win is not to play. The good news is that with a precautionary approach, it not only can be done, but it has been done. Many people are familiar with the outbreaks that occurred when SARS arrived in Toronto in 2003 — far fewer know of Vancouver’s “outbreak that didn’t happen.” When a patient returning from Hong Kong arrived at the Vancouver General Hospital ER on March 7, 2003, the emergency team applied the precautionary principle. They placed the patient in respiratory isolation, before any laboratory confirmation. In contrast, Toronto hospitals were late to initiate airborne precautions to prevent the short- and long-range spread of the SARS virus in shared air - an error that led to many more people getting infected, and more deaths. The SARS Commission was crystal clear about the lessons public health leaders needed to learn from B.C.’s success and Ontario’s failure, presciently writing... "If the Commission has one single take-home message it is the precautionary principle that (health and) safety comes first: that reasonable efforts to reduce risk need not await scientific proof... Until this precautionary principle is fully recognized, mandated and enforced in our health care system, nurses and doctors and other health workers will continue to be at risk from new infections like SARS." Justice Campbell’s inquiry into the mismanagement of SARS-CoV-1 laid out the information we needed to do better when SARS-CoV-2 came along . He explicitly specified that “...the precautionary principle that reasonable action to reduce risk, like the use of a fitted N95 respirator, need not await scientific certainty.” Backed by decades of rigorous science and real-world experience in occupational health and safety (OHS), and very specific directions in the Canadian national standard ( CAN/CSA-Z94.4 ), there is simply no ambiguity about how to handle novel respiratory diseases with any potential to transmit via aerosols. This SARS lesson was unfortunately ignored. Thus the 2022 Lancet Commission's number two COVID-19 pandemic lesson was the... "costly delays in acknowledging the crucial airborne exposure pathway of SARS-CoV-2 ... and in implementing appropriate measures at national and global levels to slow the spread of the virus." In late 2022, almost two years into the pandemic, the retiring Chief Scientist of the World Health Organization publicly regretted the WHO's failure to accept and act on airborne transmission early on as their biggest mistake that has cost an enormous number of lives . We cannot make the same error again with H5N1. At her last update, it was a relief to hear BC PHO, Dr. Henry, confirm that the B.C. teenager with H5N1 has been on airborne precautions in the ICU. Unfortunately, both Vancouver Island Health Authority and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority put out clinical guidance stating that "droplet" precautions are sufficient when assessing and testing suspected bird flu patients. They are not, given that once the teen’s suspected H5N1 infection was confirmed, 60 healthcare workers had potentially already been exposed. Luckily for them and for us, this time, no one got infected. The August 2024 BC CDC version of Management of Specific Diseases, Interim H5N1 Avian Influenza Outbreak still defines “exposures of concern” as “within 2 meters to a bird, animal or other human with confirmed avian influenza A virus infection.” This fails to acknowledge that H5N1 can be spread much further through aerosol transmission, and will miss people who have been exposed. It also is counter to the precautionary principle. We do not know how rapidly H5N1 will evolve and spread — but there is a realistic possibility an H5N1 pandemic could be as bad as the COVID pandemic, or even worse. We might get lucky — but to rely on that happening is a gamble, not a strategy. No one discipline can claim to have all the answers to dealing with infectious diseases. Public health and infection control policies must be rewritten to adopt the practical, proactive, evidence-informed approaches used by OHS experts. We also need the deep understanding of engineering controls, like fresh and filtered air, along with the “societal memory” of historians and those who study human behaviour, and the lived experience of those harmed by past failures. Scientific understanding may not be able to perfectly predict the future, but it’s better than waiting until there are bodies to count before we act. So what does the precautionary principle (aka “ better safe than sorry ”) tell us we should be doing differently? First and foremost, those present in environments where there is a risk of H5N1 — especially in healthcare, or working with animals — must immediately be provided with the N95 respirators required to comply with basic health and safety standards, along with the training and policies needed to maximise their effectiveness. This is no more negotiable than protections against asbestos or toxic chemicals. The effective exemption of hospitals from workplace health and safety requirements cannot be permitted to continue. Secondly, public education and policies about transmission and contact tracing must be based on the physical realities of aerosol behaviour. There is no magic two-meter (or six foot, or 1-3 foot) boundary beyond which infectious particles somehow refuse to travel. A “potential exposure” is anyone who shared air with an infected person, who may or may not have symptoms. While the story of how those mistaken assumptions came about is entertaining, they are decades out of date - and lacked scientific justification in the first place. Thirdly, as Florence Nightingale recognized over a century and a half ago , places where diseases may be transmitted need clean air. Whether it’s SARS-CoV-2, H5N1, or something new a decade from now, if a pathogen can’t get to you, it can’t make you sick. While new technologies are being rolled out, we have effective options ready to go today, ones that are well-understood by the engineering experts who design and oversee their installation. Air filtration units — portable and fixed — provide a rapid way to remove contaminants and improve air quality in crowded spaces like hospitals, schools, other workplaces and indoor public spaces. Upgrades and new-build ventilation systems take longer to implement, but provide built-in filtration and fresh air delivery for the life of the building. Updates to legislation — an “Indoor Clean Air Act” as the one promised in New Brunswick — can help ensure the benefits are for everyone, not just the wealthy few. As a bonus, they can also remove other contaminants like wildfire smoke, dust and pollen. The best time to upgrade ventilation may have been years ago — but the second-best time is today. The history of major infectious disease outbreaks in Canada is one of missed opportunity after missed opportunity, betting against the house in nature’s casino. With growing awareness of the danger from H5N1 — and the damage already being done by long COVID — decision makers face a clear moral, scientific, and legal requirement to face the reality of airborne disease transmission, and act immediately. Enough is enough. Lyne Filiatrault, MDCM, FRCP EM (retired) Canadian Aerosol Transmission Coalition member Heather Hanwell, PhD MPH MSc Chair and Treasurer, Ontario School Safety Mark Ungrin, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary Co-chair, Legal Committee, Canadian COVID Society Dorothy Wigmore, MSc Occupational hygienist Canadian Aerosol Transmission Coalition

Nature’s Miracle Holding Inc. Converts Debt to Equity, Faces Nasdaq Listing Rules IssueOn November 19, 2024, Nature’s Miracle Holding Inc. (NASDAQ: NMHI) entered into a significant debt-to-equity conversion agreement. The company reported that it had

'Backdoor Way To Control Access To Internet...': Elon Musk Slams Australia's Social Media Ban For Teens Under 16Pooling funds for F&O trade