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December 17, 2024 This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies . Editors have highlightedthe following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility: fact-checked trusted source proofread by Chalmers University of Technology Sebastian Persson uses mathematical models as a complement to experiments to study biological systems in his doctoral thesis . He has also developed software to more efficiently work with dynamic models. Cell biological systems are complex, with many different components influencing their behavior. To understand from experiments alone how these systems are regulated is hard, but with the help of mathematical tools it is possible to build models to analyze how cell systems work. Persson has collaborated with experimentalists in Germany and together they have explored how cellular components regulate their size and have come up with a good description that matches experimental data . "Size regulation of cellular components occurs in most cells, and if this process does not work as planned, the risk of several diseases and premature aging increases. We wanted to understand the different strategies that the cells use to size-regulate cell structures, and modeling was needed since it is so difficult to reason about these processes. The final aim is that medicines should be able to be developed based on knowledge about size regulation." New software to handle different kinds of models To be able to simulate biological dynamic models, computers are needed. Since every model built is a hypothesis and the initial hypotheses are usually wrong, there is a need to work with and simulate many different models. So, the faster you can validate if a model works, the faster you can conduct your research. To make it easier to work with dynamic models, Sebastian has developed new software. The criteria were that it should be fast, and that it should be flexible. Flexibility is important to be able to explore new research areas. For example, either mechanistic or data-driven models are used today, and both have their advantages and disadvantages. The idea with Persson's software is that it should be possible to combine both kinds of models in the same system, to compensate for the shortcomings with each approach. The software PEtab.jl and SBMLImporter.jl have been published as open source since the spring of 2023 and are being used more and more, both by academia and industry, and are continuously being built upon. Research—frustrating and satisfying Persson has always liked mathematics but wanted to see an application for it and therefore studied a civil engineering program with a focus on biotechnology. During his bachelor's degree he realized that experiments were not his thing and did his bachelor's thesis in the systems biology group of Marija Cvijovic. There, he later started his doctoral position the week after he defended his master's thesis. Having both mathematics and biology with him has been very useful in being able to communicate with experimentalists, and in understanding the literature for the systems that he studies. "Overall, it has been a lot of fun doing a doctorate, but also very exhausting. School is so well defined, research something else entirely and when I started, I did not think much about how tricky it can be when there are no ready answers. You have to fail many times to realize what does not work, and that can be frustrating, but also very satisfying when it works, and you make new discoveries." Now, a well-needed break awaits before Persson moves to London in March for a four-year postdoctoral position at The Francis Crick Institute, a biomedical research center. There, he will explore hybrid models of precisely mechanistic and data-driven models to study the cell cycle and try to understand how it is regulated by its surrounding cellular environment. It is still fundamental systems biology research, with the aim that it will lead to better medical treatments in the future. More information: Enabling mechanistic understanding of cellular dynamics through mathematical modelling and development of efficient methods. gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/83730 Provided by Chalmers University of Technologynnn777 zone 。

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SEOUL, South Korea (AP) — Most ruling party lawmakers were boycotting a parliamentary vote Saturday to deny a two-thirds majority sought by the opposition to impeach President Yoon Suk Yeol over his short-lived imposition of martial law , as protests grew nationwide calling for his removal. The likely defeat of the motion is expected to intensify public protests calling for Yoon’s ouster and deepen political chaos in South Korea, with a survey suggesting a majority of South Koreans support the president’s impeachment. Yoon’s martial law declaration drew criticism from his own ruling conservative party, but it is also determined to oppose Yoon's impeachment apparently because it fears losing presidency to liberals. Impeaching Yoon would require support from two-thirds of the National Assembly, or 200 of its 300 members. The opposition parties who brought the impeachment motion have 192 seats, meaning they need at least eight additional votes from Yoon’s People Power Party. The opposition-controlled parliament began a vote earlier Saturday, but only three lawmakers from PPP took part with opposition members. If the number of lawmakers who cast ballots doesn't reach 200, the motion will be scrapped at midnight, according to National Assembly. Opposition parties could submit a new impeachment motion after a new parliamentary session opens next Wednesday. National Assembly Speaker Woo Won Shik urged ruling party members to return to the chamber to participate in the vote, stressing that it was closely watched by the nation and also the world. “Don’t make a shameful judgment and please vote based on your convictions,” Woo said. “I plead to you, for the future of the Republic of Korea.” Earlier Saturday, Yoon issued a public apology over the martial law decree, saying he won’t shirk legal or political responsibility for the declaration and promising not to make another attempt to impose martial law. He said would leave it to his party to chart a course through the country's political turmoil, “including matters related to my term in office." “The declaration of this martial law was made out of my desperation. But in the course of its implementation, it caused anxiety and inconveniences to the public. I feel very sorry over that and truly apologize to the people who must have been shocked a lot,” Yoon said. Since taking office in 2022, Yoon has struggled to push his agenda through an opposition-controlled parliament and grappled with low approval ratings amid scandals involving himself and his wife. In his martial law announcement on Tuesday night, Yoon called parliament a “den of criminals” bogging down state affairs and vowed to eliminate “shameless North Korea followers and anti-state forces.” The turmoil resulting from Yoon’s bizarre and poorly-thought-out stunt has paralyzed South Korean politics and sparked alarm among key diplomatic partners, including neighboring Japan and Seoul’s top ally the United States, as one of the strongest democracies in Asia faces a political crisis that could unseat its leader. Tuesday night saw special forces troops encircling the parliament building and army helicopters hovering over it, but the military withdrew after the National Assembly unanimously voted to overturn the decree, forcing Yoon to lift it before daybreak Wednesday. The declaration of martial law was the first of its kind in more than 40 years in South Korea. Eighteen lawmakers from the ruling party voted to reject Yoon's martial law decree along with opposition lawmakers. The passage of Yoon’s impeachment motion appeared more likely Friday when the chair of Yoon’s party called for his removal on Friday, but the party remained formally opposed to impeachment. On Saturday, tens of thousands of people packed streets near the National Assembly, waving banners, shouting slogans and dancing and singing along to K-pop songs with lyrics changed to call for Yoon’s ouster. A smaller crowd of Yoon’s supporters, which still seemed to be in the thousands, rallied in separate streets in Seoul, decrying the impeachment attempt they saw as unconstitutional. Lawmakers on Saturday first voted on a bill appointing a special prosecutor to investigate stock price manipulation allegations surrounding Yoon’s wife. Some lawmakers from Yoon’s party were seen leaving the hall after that vote, triggering angry shouts from opposition lawmakers. If Yoon is impeached, his powers will be suspended until the Constitutional Court decides whether to remove him from office. If he is removed, an election to replace him must take place within 60 days. Opposition lawmakers say that Yoon’s attempt at martial law amounted to a self-coup, and drafted the impeachment motion around rebellion charges. Lee Jae-myung, the leader of the main liberal opposition Democratic Party, told reporters that Yoon’s speech was “greatly disappointing” and that the only way forward is his immediate resignation or impeachment. On Friday, PPP chair Han Dong-hun, who criticized Yoon's martial law declaration, said he had received intelligence that during the brief period of martial law Yoon ordered the country’s defense counterintelligence commander to arrest and detain unspecified key politicians based on accusations of “anti-state activities." Hong Jang-won, first deputy director of South Korea’s National Intelligence Service, told lawmakers in a closed-door briefing Friday that Yoon called after imposing martial law and ordered him to help the defense counterintelligence unit to detain key politicians. The targeted politicians included Han, Lee and Woo, according to Kim Byung-kee, one of the lawmakers who attended the meeting. The Defense Ministry said it had suspended the defense counterintelligence commander, Yeo In-hyung, who Han alleged had received orders from Yoon to detain the politicians. The ministry also suspended the commanders of the capital defense command and the special warfare command over their involvement in enforcing martial law. Former Defense Minister Kim Yong Hyun, who has been accused of recommending Yoon enforce martial law, has been placed under a travel ban and faces an investigation by prosecutors over rebellion charges. Vice Defense Minister Kim Seon Ho has testified to parliament that it was Kim Yong Hyun who ordered troops to be deployed to the National Assembly after Yoon imposed martial law.

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NoneAI Giants Clash! Could These Stocks Surpass Nvidia in 2025?Prospects for South Korea’s President impeachment are dim with ruling party boycotting vote